Imagine you run a small business selling furniture. A customer wants to buy tables from you but doesn’t have cash right now. Instead of cash, they give you a bill of exchange promising to pay you in 90 days.

A stock exchange is a marketplace where people buy and sell shares
of companies. Think of it as an organized place that brings together
buyers and sellers who want to trade ownership in businesses.

Some companies grow into global giants while others disappear, even though they may offer similar products or services. This difference is not about ideas alone. More often, it comes down to how the business is structured, how value is delivered, and how money is earned. That hidden structure is known as the business model.

Have you ever borrowed money from a friend or lent someone your favorite book? If yes, then you’ve already experienced the fundamental relationship between debtors and creditors.

“Stock investing is the process of allocating funds to purchase equity securities (shares) of publicly listed companies, with the